Analysis of The World of Apu Film Directed by Satyajit Ray Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Towards the end of the movie, close-ups have been taken of Apu doing away with his manuscript and moving away from his son. This has been done to show the kind of inner trauma that he was going through at the time and the reasons for which he was not able to even show his face in front of his child. Close-ups have been taken during this time in order to portray the kind of tension that was going through him because he did not know how to provide for his son or be with him and help him live a better life. Towards the end of the movie, close-ups have been taken of Apu doing away with his manuscript and moving away from his son. This has been done to show the kind of inner trauma that he was going through at the time and the reasons for which he was not able to even show his face in front of his child. Close-ups have been taken during this time in order to portray the kind of tension that was going through him because he did not know how to provide for his son or be with him and help him live a better life. The mise-en-scene or set has been used well in order to show the world around Apu and the kind of environment he was living in. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of The World of Apu Film Directed by Satyajit Ray or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page the use of frozen frame shots has also been made in order to show the drama that was going through Apu s life and also to provide the audience with a certain perspective regarding Apu s life. These may also be directed as the daring techniques used in the film. The director has tried to move out of his comfort zone and try and use these lighting techniques that are simple but have been able to provide the film with maximum effect as compared to other contemporary films made during this time and age as well. Filmed in black and white, this film does not have any scope for using color techniques; however, even then, the director has tried his best to use gray areas for the purpose of filming. (Ray, Satyajit) Soft lighting with the use of the lens flare has been made during transitions of scenes within the movie. In places where vibrant lighting has been required, it has been used well by the director, still trying to keep many people within the frame in focus for the audience to be able to understand what is going on. Ray has also operated the camera himself and collaborated with the art and design team in order to provide his expertise in the field.

3 Key Differences between Orthodox and Critical Criminologies

Chapter 1: What are 3 key differences between orthodox and critical criminologies? Use examples of readings that reflect both criminologies to illustrate your response. Orthodox criminology refers to the how criminologists accept the states ideas of crime without thinking of power relations. This thinking is shared by everyone and becomes a universal idea and these ideas are in the interests of everyone. However, certain groups of individuals are targeted and blamed for crimes based on their class, race, gender, sexuality and more. The theory of Critical criminology as defined in Primer in Radical Criminology is defined as â€Å"a way of doing criminology that frames the problem of crime in terms of the sociological forces of class, race, gender, culture, and history.†(1) In other words it focuses on challenging the state on their traditional, â€Å"normal† views of crime by looking at other factors. Three differences between critical and orthodox criminologists are the following. The first difference is that critical criminologists seek to find the root of what is behind the crime problem. (14) Rather than saying that the homicide wa s committed because he was an African American male who is poor (orthodox criminology), critical criminologists look at a deeper sociological explanation, like the community he grew up in has high rates for violence. A second difference is that radical criminologists understand that there is no fixed definition of crime and that there is more than oneShow MoreRelatedDeterminants of Violence in the Greek Football League a Case Study of Paok Fc Supporters13608 Words   |  55 Pagesthat promote violence in football grounds. Contents 1. Introduction - 5 - 2. Theoretical considerations and literature review - 8 - 2.1 Violence in sports: Definitions and theoretical considerations - 8 - 2.2 Literature review. - 20 - 3. The survey. - 24 - 3.1 PAOK supporters: An overview and ideological profile - 24 - 3.2 Methodology and research approach. - 26 - 3.3 Data collection - 30 - 3.4 Data analysis and research findings - 37 - 3.5 Characteristics and

AIDS in World History Free Essays

The epidemic of human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus causing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has transformed international history involving the emergence of social norms and stereotypes against Black races, homosexuals, and countries plagued by the disease (e.g. Africa, Thailand, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on AIDS in World History or any similar topic only for you Order Now ). Historically, the first convincing evidence of HIV virus and actual disease process of AIDS was found in the blood of an unknown man from Kinshasa, Africa in 1959 (Iliffe, 2007 p.311). Eventually, the infection reached the Western Nations initially in Los Angeles around June 1981 wherein a rare pulmonary Pneumocystis carinii was found infecting six cases with blood-borne HIV condition (Feigal, Levine and Biggar, 2000 p.1). By mid-1982, approximately 450 cases of HIV had been identified by CDC, and by the end of the year, an estimated case increase of 300 or more was received by the same organization (Finkel, 2007 p.89). The event marked the first AIDS epidemic creating a global stigma against races, demographics, countries and gender associated with the disease epidemiology (Parker and Aggleton, 2003). From 1982 to 1985, AIDS and HIV monitoring institutions were able to file an approximate 16,000 cases of HIV, while death toll caused by the disease had reached 8,100 for 1985 alone (Finkel, 2007 p.89). By the end of 2002, UNAIDS reported 42 million people with AIDS worldwide, while 25 million had already died of the infection (Porth, 2005 p.427). Due to the increasing number of infected population, AIDS had reshaped the world history by influencing the world’s views on countries, nations, and people responsible for the spread of the disease across the globe. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discussion a.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Epidemiology and its International Impact AIDS epidemic has kept on growing in its exponential rates since its marked discovery in June, 1981. In United States, AIDS epidemic rose from the 1985 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) records of 5,600 to 82,764 in 1989, 816,000 by the end of 2000, and UNAIDS records of 3.5 million by the end of 2002 (Porth, 2005 p.428; Patterson, 2005 p.179). In an international perspective, global AIDS prevalence among adults from 15 to 49 years old has increased from approximately 8.5 million in 1990 to 38.6 million in 2005, while African AIDS prevalence trend among the similar demographics has increased as well from 1.3 million in 1985 to 25 million as of 2005 (UNAIDS, 2006). According to Steinbrook (2004), there are nine countries that have the most number of HIV-infected demographics, and eight of these are from sub-Saharan Africa totaling to approximately 12 million individuals with AIDS. The country and race of African people have been severely affected by the global stereotypes and trauma against AIDS. According to Iliffe (2007), convincing trace of HIV-1 transmission has been detected in chimpanzees exclusive to the region of Kinshasa, while the ten subtypes of HIV-1 have been found in an early epidemic only within the equatorial Africa, which consequently suggests the viral origin of AIDS (p.311). The increasing international stigma over sub-Saharan Africa has affected the global ethnicities of blacks, African American and African immigrants in every part of the world (Steinbrook, 2004). According to the review study of Valdiserri (2002), race and ethnic groups associated with the groups dramatically affected by AIDS infection have experienced negative attitudes, prejudice, judgment and discrimination from the social public. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global Trend of AIDS Epidemic The complex hallmark of AIDS in World History involves the rising trend of social stigma against AIDS epidemic and demographics associated with the disease epidemiology (Steinbrook, 2004). According to the review study of Valdiserri (2002), series of national interviews from 1990s to 2000 reveals that the 1 out of 5 individuals living in the study sample (n=5,600 American adults) possess negative attitudes against races associated and patients with AIDS. According to Perloff (2001), the increasing trend of AIDS epidemic triggered various social prejudice and negative attitudes against various groups of individuals across the world. In mainland South Africa, women and children who obtained HIV becomes the social projection of rejection, prejudice and discrimination brought by the global stigma towards AIDS (Brown, Macintyre and Trujilo, 2003). In United States, African American or Blacks have been viewed negatively after the American public harbor more stigmatizing attitudes from sub-Sahara’s reported HIV infection, while in Thailand, social hostility towards prostitutes (e.g. police harassment, discrimination, etc.) are increasing   consistently (Perloff, 2001 p.130). According to Armstrong-Dailey and Zarbock (2001), the common impact of AIDS stigma on a global perspective is the development of social ostracism among families or patients who contracted with AIDS (p.119). According to the study of Sudha, Vijay and Lakshmi (2005), 51.13% of the sample (n=800) felt the need to publicly denounce the names of AIDS patients for the public to avoid them, while 73.75% of the families interviewed prefer to keep AIDS condition among family relatives only. Discrimination brought by the public and even medical practitioners becomes the by-product of the worldwide stigma stimulated by the exponential growth rate of AIDS (Perloff, 2001 p.130). c.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impact of AIDS in Future Generation With the continuous rising trend of AIDS population worldwide, social stigma of the general public against the race, demographics and individuals associated with the disease epidemiology is likely to increase causing global negative attitudes, fear and prejudice against their population (Armstrong-Dailey and Zarbock, 2001 p.119). Contrary to the above predictions, the study of Blower, Schwartz and Mills (2003), public stigma against AIDS patient may reduce depending on the increasing health awareness of the public regarding HIV prevention and patient management. Meanwhile, Piot, Bartos and Ghys et al. (2001) have predicted that the immediate future implications of AIDS epidemic in high stakes countries (e.g. South Africa, Thailand, U.S, etc.) are (a) the increase in medical expenditures of the country (e.g. predicted 45% in South Africa, etc.), (b) decreased of life expectancy (e.g. 59 y/o down to 45 y/o by 2005 in South Africa, etc.), and (c) reduced economic efficiency of the country’s economy. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion From the localized outbreak of 1981 to the massive infection of 21st century, AIDS has dramatically affected the global trend of social perceptions and health care due to the global stigma caused by the exponential increases of AIDS epidemic. AIDS patients in globally known epidemic countries, such as South Africa, India, United States, Thailand, are predicted to suffer social ostracism wherein patients may fail to publicly seek AIDS medical treatment due to their fears of discrimination, persecution and inferior treatment. According to presented studies, the global effects of AIDS epidemic may increase the countries’ allocations for medical expenditures, and decrease the life expectancy of the general population. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References Armstrong-Dailey, A., Zarbock, S. F. (2001). Hospice Care for Children. New York, London: Oxford University Press US. Blower, S., Schwartz, E. J., Mills, J. (2003, June). Forecasting the Future of HIV Epidemics: the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapies Imperfect Vaccines. AIDS Reviews, 5, 113-125. Brown, L., Macintyre, K., Trujillo, L. (2003, February). Interventions to Reduce HIV/AIDS Stigma: What Have We Learned?. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15, 49-69. Feigal, E. G., Levine, A. M., Biggar, R. J. (2000). AIDS-related Cancers and Their Treatment. New York, U.S.A: Informa Health Care. Finkel, M. (2007). Truth, Lies, and Public Health: How We are Affected when Science and Politics Collide. New York, U.S.A: Greenwood Publishing Group. Iliffe, J. (2007). Africans: The History of a Continent. New York, London: Cambridge University Press. How to cite AIDS in World History, Papers

Oscar Claude Monet Essay Example For Students

Oscar Claude Monet Essay Oscar Claude MonetOscar Claude Monet was born on November 14, 1840 in Paris, France. Monet spent most of his childhood in Le Havre, France. In Le Havre, Monet studied drawing and painted seascapes with a French painter Eugene Louis Boudin in his teens. By 1859 Monet committed himself a career to be an artist. Monet spent a lot of time in Paris around 1859. By 1860 Monet met a pre-impressionist painter, Edouard Manet. Monet also met other French painters destined to form the impressionist school. Monet met Camille Pissaro, Pierre Auguste Renoir, and Alfred Sisley. Monet painted simple landscapes and sketch like scenes of bright color. Monet had some success in official exhibits. In 1874, Monet and his colleagues decided to organize their own exhibition in public. Monet and his colleagues called them selves, independents, but the press later named them impressionists because their work seemed sketchy and unfinished (like a first impression). One of Monets paintings had the title Impression: Sunrise in 1872, in Musee Marmottan, Paris. During the rest of the 1870s and early 1880s, Monet used special techniques to paint scenes of different impressions on colors. Monet went to the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts to study the effects of light and color. By mid 1880s Monet was generally the leader of the impressionist school and he achieved significant recognition and financial security. Monet was recognized, as the master of meticulous observation and true feelings for is paintings. In 1890, Monet was able to purchase some property in the village of Giverny, not far from Paris. In Giverny Monet began to construct a water garden ( a lily pond arched with a Japanese bridge and overhung with willows and clumps of bamboo). In 1906, Monets paintings of the water gardens remain with him for the rest of his life. Monets water garden paintings hang in the Orangerie, Paris, the art institute of Chicago, and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Monet continued to paint up to his death, which occurred on December 5, 1926 in Giverny.Side Notes ( Monet had failure with his eyesight) ( Monet had other great paintings of haystacks, the Rouen Cathedral, and the river Seine-seen in varying light, at different times of the day or seasons of the year).