AIDS in World History Free Essays

The epidemic of human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus causing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has transformed international history involving the emergence of social norms and stereotypes against Black races, homosexuals, and countries plagued by the disease (e.g. Africa, Thailand, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on AIDS in World History or any similar topic only for you Order Now ). Historically, the first convincing evidence of HIV virus and actual disease process of AIDS was found in the blood of an unknown man from Kinshasa, Africa in 1959 (Iliffe, 2007 p.311). Eventually, the infection reached the Western Nations initially in Los Angeles around June 1981 wherein a rare pulmonary Pneumocystis carinii was found infecting six cases with blood-borne HIV condition (Feigal, Levine and Biggar, 2000 p.1). By mid-1982, approximately 450 cases of HIV had been identified by CDC, and by the end of the year, an estimated case increase of 300 or more was received by the same organization (Finkel, 2007 p.89). The event marked the first AIDS epidemic creating a global stigma against races, demographics, countries and gender associated with the disease epidemiology (Parker and Aggleton, 2003). From 1982 to 1985, AIDS and HIV monitoring institutions were able to file an approximate 16,000 cases of HIV, while death toll caused by the disease had reached 8,100 for 1985 alone (Finkel, 2007 p.89). By the end of 2002, UNAIDS reported 42 million people with AIDS worldwide, while 25 million had already died of the infection (Porth, 2005 p.427). Due to the increasing number of infected population, AIDS had reshaped the world history by influencing the world’s views on countries, nations, and people responsible for the spread of the disease across the globe. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discussion a.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Epidemiology and its International Impact AIDS epidemic has kept on growing in its exponential rates since its marked discovery in June, 1981. In United States, AIDS epidemic rose from the 1985 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) records of 5,600 to 82,764 in 1989, 816,000 by the end of 2000, and UNAIDS records of 3.5 million by the end of 2002 (Porth, 2005 p.428; Patterson, 2005 p.179). In an international perspective, global AIDS prevalence among adults from 15 to 49 years old has increased from approximately 8.5 million in 1990 to 38.6 million in 2005, while African AIDS prevalence trend among the similar demographics has increased as well from 1.3 million in 1985 to 25 million as of 2005 (UNAIDS, 2006). According to Steinbrook (2004), there are nine countries that have the most number of HIV-infected demographics, and eight of these are from sub-Saharan Africa totaling to approximately 12 million individuals with AIDS. The country and race of African people have been severely affected by the global stereotypes and trauma against AIDS. According to Iliffe (2007), convincing trace of HIV-1 transmission has been detected in chimpanzees exclusive to the region of Kinshasa, while the ten subtypes of HIV-1 have been found in an early epidemic only within the equatorial Africa, which consequently suggests the viral origin of AIDS (p.311). The increasing international stigma over sub-Saharan Africa has affected the global ethnicities of blacks, African American and African immigrants in every part of the world (Steinbrook, 2004). According to the review study of Valdiserri (2002), race and ethnic groups associated with the groups dramatically affected by AIDS infection have experienced negative attitudes, prejudice, judgment and discrimination from the social public. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global Trend of AIDS Epidemic The complex hallmark of AIDS in World History involves the rising trend of social stigma against AIDS epidemic and demographics associated with the disease epidemiology (Steinbrook, 2004). According to the review study of Valdiserri (2002), series of national interviews from 1990s to 2000 reveals that the 1 out of 5 individuals living in the study sample (n=5,600 American adults) possess negative attitudes against races associated and patients with AIDS. According to Perloff (2001), the increasing trend of AIDS epidemic triggered various social prejudice and negative attitudes against various groups of individuals across the world. In mainland South Africa, women and children who obtained HIV becomes the social projection of rejection, prejudice and discrimination brought by the global stigma towards AIDS (Brown, Macintyre and Trujilo, 2003). In United States, African American or Blacks have been viewed negatively after the American public harbor more stigmatizing attitudes from sub-Sahara’s reported HIV infection, while in Thailand, social hostility towards prostitutes (e.g. police harassment, discrimination, etc.) are increasing   consistently (Perloff, 2001 p.130). According to Armstrong-Dailey and Zarbock (2001), the common impact of AIDS stigma on a global perspective is the development of social ostracism among families or patients who contracted with AIDS (p.119). According to the study of Sudha, Vijay and Lakshmi (2005), 51.13% of the sample (n=800) felt the need to publicly denounce the names of AIDS patients for the public to avoid them, while 73.75% of the families interviewed prefer to keep AIDS condition among family relatives only. Discrimination brought by the public and even medical practitioners becomes the by-product of the worldwide stigma stimulated by the exponential growth rate of AIDS (Perloff, 2001 p.130). c.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impact of AIDS in Future Generation With the continuous rising trend of AIDS population worldwide, social stigma of the general public against the race, demographics and individuals associated with the disease epidemiology is likely to increase causing global negative attitudes, fear and prejudice against their population (Armstrong-Dailey and Zarbock, 2001 p.119). Contrary to the above predictions, the study of Blower, Schwartz and Mills (2003), public stigma against AIDS patient may reduce depending on the increasing health awareness of the public regarding HIV prevention and patient management. Meanwhile, Piot, Bartos and Ghys et al. (2001) have predicted that the immediate future implications of AIDS epidemic in high stakes countries (e.g. South Africa, Thailand, U.S, etc.) are (a) the increase in medical expenditures of the country (e.g. predicted 45% in South Africa, etc.), (b) decreased of life expectancy (e.g. 59 y/o down to 45 y/o by 2005 in South Africa, etc.), and (c) reduced economic efficiency of the country’s economy. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion From the localized outbreak of 1981 to the massive infection of 21st century, AIDS has dramatically affected the global trend of social perceptions and health care due to the global stigma caused by the exponential increases of AIDS epidemic. AIDS patients in globally known epidemic countries, such as South Africa, India, United States, Thailand, are predicted to suffer social ostracism wherein patients may fail to publicly seek AIDS medical treatment due to their fears of discrimination, persecution and inferior treatment. According to presented studies, the global effects of AIDS epidemic may increase the countries’ allocations for medical expenditures, and decrease the life expectancy of the general population. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References Armstrong-Dailey, A., Zarbock, S. F. (2001). Hospice Care for Children. New York, London: Oxford University Press US. Blower, S., Schwartz, E. J., Mills, J. (2003, June). Forecasting the Future of HIV Epidemics: the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapies Imperfect Vaccines. AIDS Reviews, 5, 113-125. Brown, L., Macintyre, K., Trujillo, L. (2003, February). Interventions to Reduce HIV/AIDS Stigma: What Have We Learned?. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15, 49-69. Feigal, E. G., Levine, A. M., Biggar, R. J. (2000). AIDS-related Cancers and Their Treatment. New York, U.S.A: Informa Health Care. Finkel, M. (2007). Truth, Lies, and Public Health: How We are Affected when Science and Politics Collide. New York, U.S.A: Greenwood Publishing Group. Iliffe, J. (2007). Africans: The History of a Continent. New York, London: Cambridge University Press. How to cite AIDS in World History, Papers

Oscar Claude Monet Essay Example For Students

Oscar Claude Monet Essay Oscar Claude MonetOscar Claude Monet was born on November 14, 1840 in Paris, France. Monet spent most of his childhood in Le Havre, France. In Le Havre, Monet studied drawing and painted seascapes with a French painter Eugene Louis Boudin in his teens. By 1859 Monet committed himself a career to be an artist. Monet spent a lot of time in Paris around 1859. By 1860 Monet met a pre-impressionist painter, Edouard Manet. Monet also met other French painters destined to form the impressionist school. Monet met Camille Pissaro, Pierre Auguste Renoir, and Alfred Sisley. Monet painted simple landscapes and sketch like scenes of bright color. Monet had some success in official exhibits. In 1874, Monet and his colleagues decided to organize their own exhibition in public. Monet and his colleagues called them selves, independents, but the press later named them impressionists because their work seemed sketchy and unfinished (like a first impression). One of Monets paintings had the title Impression: Sunrise in 1872, in Musee Marmottan, Paris. During the rest of the 1870s and early 1880s, Monet used special techniques to paint scenes of different impressions on colors. Monet went to the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts to study the effects of light and color. By mid 1880s Monet was generally the leader of the impressionist school and he achieved significant recognition and financial security. Monet was recognized, as the master of meticulous observation and true feelings for is paintings. In 1890, Monet was able to purchase some property in the village of Giverny, not far from Paris. In Giverny Monet began to construct a water garden ( a lily pond arched with a Japanese bridge and overhung with willows and clumps of bamboo). In 1906, Monets paintings of the water gardens remain with him for the rest of his life. Monets water garden paintings hang in the Orangerie, Paris, the art institute of Chicago, and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Monet continued to paint up to his death, which occurred on December 5, 1926 in Giverny.Side Notes ( Monet had failure with his eyesight) ( Monet had other great paintings of haystacks, the Rouen Cathedral, and the river Seine-seen in varying light, at different times of the day or seasons of the year).

Oliver Cromwell free essay sample

Oliver Cromwell: A Visionary Among Parliamentarians Due: January 11, 2013 6 Oliver Cromwell rose from his humble heritage in English society to become the Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, the first and only man without royal blood to do so. His played a prominent role in bringing about the trial and beheading of King Charles I; he took control of the Parliaments professional Army and went forth on the most cruel military action England had ever undertaken against the neighbouring nations; and he accomplished a level of religious freedom that had been unaccepted in England for the past hundred years. Oliver Cromwell was indeed a unique leader, one who wanted what was best for his fellow countrymen and completely devoted himself to his life as a Parliamentarian. Oliver Cromwell should be judged by history for his actions as a visionary who championed Parliamentarian values. Everything Cromwell did was what he believed to be in the best interest of England and its people. We will write a custom essay sample on Oliver Cromwell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Oliver Cromwell supported the Parliament and continued to be an active member of it even though King Charles I had distanced himself from the Parliament and was ruling according to his own will with no regard to the law. Cromwell had played a substantial role in the execution of King Charles I, not because he entertained any selfish ideas concerning Charles throne, but because he truly believed England would be better off without the trouble-causing head of state. Through this, he taught the people the fundamental value of holding their rulers accountable. [1] Cromwell also helped to form the New Model Army. The New Model Army was a professional army formed in a sense by the people for the people. Social class had no worth in the Army, all men were equal and were recruited according to ability, not wealth or social status. 2] Cromwell was well known for his aptitude for military tactics and strategies; he lead his regiment, the Ironsides, to victory in every battle they fought. He fought to protect England from invaders, from the disputing neighbours, Scotland and Ireland, and also to keep 6 the order of government he believed would work best for both the upper and lower class of citizens. Cromwell u sed the authority given to him as the Lord Protector in an attempt to reform the people of England, in what he called â€Å"Godly reformation†. Cromwell devised a programme designed to cleanse the people of their sinful habits such as drinking, immorality and general trouble-making. [3] He was a man who sought to give England â€Å"not what they want, but what is good for them. †[4] Oliver Cromwell was not the sort of man to support a ruling of the Parliament and then sit back and hope it was carried through; he personally ushered in the end of the English Civil War by defeating an uprising of Charles II supporters in 1650 amp; 1651. Despite continued opposition throughout his years, Cromwell did not back down or leave the public to fend for themselves, instead he led them ceaselessly until there was peace once more among the countries. The definition of a visionary is someone who acts bravely in support of an idea, despite all odds and then popularizes it. [5] An example of Cromwell having done this was with the proposal of overthrowing Charles I, as Cromwell was a big contributor to that final decision, not merely because of his voiced support but also the leading effect he had on people. They were prone to following his lead, not only because he was a very influential and intelligent man, but also because he was not afraid of changing tradition and he constantly had Englands best interests in mind. During his lifetime, Oliver Cromwell successfully served England as a Member of the Long Parliament, as the New Model Armys leader and as their Lord Protector. Oliver Cromwells strong Puritan beliefs lent an extremist edge to his decisions and actions during his life, however, faith did not hold superiority over his Parliamentarian contributions. Cromwell may have held fast to the Puritan religion, but it did not keep him from being a fierce and merciless soldier on the battlefield, fighting for the Parliaments professional Army. Cromwell was born 6 a commoner of humble beginnings but achieved his respect and lofty position in the Long Parliament due to his rise through the military until he was Commander-in-Chief of the New Model Army, in which he aided the recruitment and command. He also created and led the formidable cavalry force called â€Å"the Ironsides†, who were reputed for their courage and strength in battles and remained undefeated . He was convinced that he and his Ironsides were doing the will of God, and accordingly attributed all of their victories on the battlefield to the glory of God. Regarding the Battle of Marston Moor, Cromwell is recorded to have said in a letter to his brother-in-law â€Å"truly England and the Church of God hath had a great favour from the Lord, in this great victory given us, such as the like never was since this war began. †[6] Cromwell preferred his soldiers to be of the same religious beliefs as himself as he enlisted them, although many of his men would become Puritans while in the service of the New Model Army under Cromwells leadership. In a letter to his nephew, Colonel Valentine Walton, on July 5, 1644, Cromwell spoke of his unfaltering loyalty to the Parliament and his desire to see due authority to be granted to the Members of Parliament: We study the glory of God, and the honour and liberty of parliament, for which we unanimously fight, without seeking our own interests I profess I could never satisfy myself on the justness of this war, but from the authority of the parliament to maintain itself in its rights; and in this cause I hope to prove myself an honest man and single-hearted. 7] Cromwell sought what he called â€Å"liberty of conscience†; a range of freedom granted to the various Protestant groups in England to practice their faith in peace, not being bothered by anyone and to not be a bother to anyone themselves. [8] For the past hundred years, England had not tolerated any sort of people with differing religious backgrounds to populate its land, but in 1657, Cromwell established the religious a cceptance of Jews so that they were once again able to live within Englands borders and he 6 encouraged their immigration. 9] It was well known amongst the people around Cromwell that he was a man who lived by his faith, who promoted Puritanism to others and changed the principles of the Parliament that differed with what he believed in. However, Cromwell was quick to take action on Parliamentarian business when needed, his motions to change the Church and such other endeavours temporarily forgotten as he was sent out on political business. As England prepared for a fully launched civil war, Oliver Cromwell was one of the MPs who was sent out to places such as Huntingdon nd Elys to recruit men â€Å"for the defence of the realm†. [10] Oliver Cromwell may have been a very strictly religious man who wanted to serve God in everything he did, but his real ambition was to see the Parliament granted the authority it deserved and to improve the laws the people lived by. Oliver Cromwell was a very authoritative and influential figure in his time, and became to the people â€Å"a king in everything but name†, although he was never truly their â€Å"King†. Cromwell served England as their Lord Protector, yet he refused the offer to become the next King of England on multiple occasions. 11] Cromwell was a solid supporter of the execution of King Charles I, once he realized that Charles had gone too far from the Parliament to be reasoned with. Cromwell later defeated and exiled the heir to the throne, Charles I I, thus leaving England without their traditional monarch. Having said this, it should be understood that Cromwell was not against the monarchy; he had wished to replace the late Charles I with one of his sons but none proved to be suitable. The original heir, Charles II, was not crowned the next king as the young prince had taken up an allegiance with the Scots and attempted to invade England. 12] On March 17, 1649, not long after the execution of Charles I, the Long Parliament passed an act stating that the monarchy had been terminated, thus making England a 6 Commonwealth and free state, and also promoting the Rump Parliament and Council State to the position of being the overriding authority of the nation. [13] For the five years during which Oliver Cromwell held the title of Lord Protector, he ultimately had the ability to make laws and govern the people as he saw fit. He wished for the government to work smoothly and in co-ordinance with one another, but had no patience for th ose that did not. Oliver Cromwell had the Rump Parliament disassembled on April 20,1653, with these words; â€Å"You have sat here too long for the good you do. Depart, I say, and let us have done with you. In the name of God, go! †[14] The responsibilities and influence once held by the Rump Parliament were handed over to the Barebones Parliament; the Nominated Assembly that Cromwell constituted in July of 1653. The members of this Parliament were selected for their religious spirit and open-mindedness and were expected to bring uprightness into the Commonwealth. [15] His influence over the New Model Army as a definite contributing factor to Cromwells position as Lord Protector. Cromwell faced his share of opposition against his restrictions on drinking and merrymaking, and often had to resort to using military force to carry out his laws as he did not have the ultimate authority of punishment that a King would have. Oliver Cromwell was the king-like figure of England, but he never accepted th e crown nor the title of King of England. Oliver Cromwell accomplished much during his time as a politician and Member of the Long Parliament, the colonel of Englands first Parliamentarian army, and in the resurrected position of Lord Protector. He was a key figure in the English Civil War and in the regicide of King Charles I, and then took the full responsibilities of ruling the country without a king to lead them. Cromwell should be viewed by history as a visionary who achieved much for the sake of England and against all odds championed the Parliamentarian values. Bibliography Halsall, Paul. †Oliver Cromwell: A letter to his brother-in-law after the Battle of Marston Moore. 1644† Modern History Sourcebook. 9 January 2013. http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/mod/1644cromwell-marston. asp Morrill, John. â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†. BBC History. 7 January 2013. http://www. bbc. co. k/history/british/civil_war_revolution/cromwell_01. shtml Author Unknown. â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†. Heritage History. 8 January 2013. http://www. heritage-history. com/www/heritage. php? Dir=charactersamp;FileName=cromwell2. php Phillips, Charles. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Royal Britain. Leicestershire, Hermes House, Anness Publishing Ltd, 2006: 150 + Plant, David. â€Å"Biography of Oliver Cromwell. † British Commonwealth and Civil Wars. 2 January 2013. http://www. british-civil-wars. co. uk/biog/oliver-cromwell. htm Trueman, Chris. â€Å"The New Model Army†. History Learning Site. 5 January 2013. http://www. historylearningsite. co. k/new_model_army. htm Author Unknown. â€Å"The Rump Dissolved. † www. parliment. uk. 5 January 2013. http://www. parliament. uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/parliamentaryauthority/civilwar/overview/rump-dissolved/ [ 1 ]. John Morrill, â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†, BBC History. (February 17, 2011) http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/cromwell_01. shtml [ 2 ]. Chris Trueman, â€Å"The New Model Army†, History Learning Site. http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/new_model_army. htm [ 3 ]. â€Å"Cromwell and Religion†, The Cromwell Association. 2001-2005 http://www. olivercromwell. rg/cromwell_and_religion. htm [ 4 ]. â€Å"Quotes of Olive r Cromwell†, The Cromwell Association. 2001-2005 http://www. olivercromwell. org/quotes1. htm [ 5 ]. Dictionary. com, â€Å"Visionary†, http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/visionary? s=t [ 6 ]. Paul Halsall, â€Å"Modern History Sourcebook†, (July 1998) http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/mod/1644cromwell-marston. asp [ 7 ]. Wikiquote, â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†, http://en. wikiquote. org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell#Quotes_about_Cromwell [ 8 ]. â€Å"Cromwell and Religion†, The Cromwell Association, 2005 http://www. olivercromwell. org/cromwell_and_religion. htm [ 9 ]. â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†, Heritage History, 2007-2012 ttp://www. heritage-history. com/www/heritage. php? Dir=charactersamp;FileName=cromwell2. php [ 10 ]. John Morrill, â€Å"Oliver Cromwell†, BBC History. (February 17, 2011) http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/cromwell_01. shtml [ 11 ]. David Plant, â€Å"Biography of Oliver Cromwell†, British Civi l Wars and Commonwealth, http://www. british-civil-wars. co. uk/biog/oliver-cromwell. htm [ 12 ]. Ibid. [ 13 ]. Charles Phillips, â€Å"Commonwealth and Protectorate†, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Royal Britain. (Anness Publishing Ltd. 2006, 2011) 154 [ 14 ]. Ibid. , 154. [ 15 ]. www. parliament. uk,

Bruce Lee essays

Bruce Lee essays It was Bruce Lees ability, on screen and off, to cross this gap between Zen intent and violent result that made him truly special. He was a great fighter and an interesting human being who knew how to communicate to both East and West. Alex Ben Block, The Legend of Bruce Lee In light of this quotation, how did Bruce Lee bridge the gulf between Eastern and Western audiences to become an international film star? For many of his fans all across the world, Bruce Lee has achieved an almost God-like status. Many of the books written about him posthumously are written by people who greatly admire the man, people who negate the value of Bruce Lee: the international film star and instead focus, to an almost obsessive level, on Bruce Lee: the king of Kung Fu, Bruce Lee: the Eastern philosopher, Bruce Lee: the mystical sensei, Bruce Lee: the legend. This may be due to his sudden and untimely death in 1973. Less than a year after his death, the writer Alex Ben Block predicted, quite rightly, that, Someday far down the line, after East and West have met, people will tell Bruce Lee stories in the same dreamy way people tell Jimmy Dean or Buddy Holly or Janis Joplin stories. My aim in this essay is to discard all the myths that surround Bruce Lee, all the speculations about the man himself. My focus will be Bruce Lee the film star, the image that he created which appealed to both East and West. In his unfortunately short adult career he completed four films and I will examine these to try and find what it was about Bruce Lee that made him an international star, the qualities that made him popular in both Hong Kong and Britain/America. In the Chinese Year of the Dragon, on 27th November 1940, a baby boy was born to Lee Hoi Cheun (a minor star of the Cantonese Opera Company of Hong Kong) and his wife, Grace. The city of the birth was San Francisco, but this ...

Creative story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creative story - Essay Example He had planned to take him and his friends on a tour to Chicago a place his young son had always dreamt of going to. John and his friend Peter matched out of the classroom towards the gate with happy faces on them as they tried to fantasize of the events of the big day ahead. The hard work of John was going to be rewarded and for once in his life the adage that states ‘Hard work never goes unrewarded’ was making sense On that day, John and peter decided to board a public vehicle instead of the school bus since they wanted to stop over in the neighboring town to pick up a friend. They did not have the slightest idea of the misfortunes that be-waited them in the next fears minutes. A personal vehicle stopped at the bus station and waved at them and thinking that the driver was a good person they accepted the offer for the lift. They guy looked young, handsome and friendly but the English men never missed the mark when they said all that glitters is not gold. Upon reaching their destination, John requested the driver to stop but he could not listen. He accelerated the vehicle and showed a deaf ear to request of the now frightened kids. The man continued driving and the kids kept on asking him to stop but he paid no attention to them. He kept driving and when darkness fell in, John began having the idea that things were now in total mess and something bad was about to happen. The vehicle came to a sudden stop and the two kids were forced out of the vehicle. The man who had seemed an angel at first became the worst beast John had ever met in his life. He matched them into the darkness using a spot light and John was now sure that they had been kidnapped. The man handled them mercilessly as they walked into the thorny bushes. Feelings of resentment and despair filled John and he began regretting having not boarded the school bus. They finally they arrived at the unknown destination and they were locked up

Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Article Example Thomas discusses the impact of cross cultural interactions in different disciplines. The two domains in which cultural influence mechanisms fall are cognitive and motivational. The cognitive dimension is about the cultural different perceptions and signal interpretations while motivational dimension is about self concepts that are culturally different and can impact what we consider to be desirable. Hence, this can impact out comes and behavior. This implies that knowledge knows what culture is and how it impacts behavior. Mindfulness on the other hand is described as a specific mega cognitive process in which multiple perspectives are sought for and new mental categories are created. People who are high on CQ quotient need to act instead of being just informed about what their culture is like. They must perform and act. The behavioral component of CQ is described as the ability to adjust and adapt behavior in different situation based on one’s expectation of others. In today’s diverse world and society, it is very important to understand the concept of cultural intelligence. The reader is able to relate to other cultures and self concepts by his ability to tolerate them and by understanding their predicaments. This will help establish harmony, understanding and stage the foundation of healthy interactions between people. The article is important for it digs down on the characteristics of cultural intelligence which can be applied by people in their

Business Ethics case-Nike Sweatshops Case Study

Business Ethics -Nike Sweatshops - Case Study Example The labor unions of such countries were also said to gain significant influence. Countries such as Vietnam, China, and Indonesia were considered to offer cheaper labor to the company Nike, Inc. and also prohibited labor unions. But when the workers of these countries demanded additional benefits and rights, the company closed all its factories in such countries and moved to other countries to continue its operations at a lower cost. The company Nike, Inc. was highly criticized throughout the 1990s for selling such goods which were considered to be manufactured in sweatshops. In the year 1991, an activist named Jeff Ballinger published a report which highlighted the poor working conditions and low wages in the country of Indonesia (Esbenshade, 2004). He published an article which stated that an Indonesian worker was considered to work for the company’s subcontractor for only 14 cents an hour which was considered to be less than the minimum wages that was prescribed in Indonesia . Numerous disturbing stories were said to come from the factories of the company Nike, Inc. throughout the world. The major issues were considered to be forced overtime, child labor, and wages which were considered to be well below the poverty line. There were also other issues such as poor air quality, exposure to chemicals considered as dangerous and physical abuse from the overseers of factory. It was considered that groups such as Global Exchange, Education for Justice, and students who were considered to be against sweatshop labor were mainly considered to lead the efforts against the company Nike, Inc. in this regard. Team Sweat was established with the main objective of tracking the protests that were considered to be made against the organization. It is considered as an international coalition of workers, investors, and consumers to put an end to the injustices that were considered to be in the sweatshops of the organization Nike, Inc. around the world. Jim Keady